Aerocraft.



` J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS.

AEROGRAPT.

APPLICATION FILED DBG. 3, 1910.

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Patented Feb. 13, 1912.

J..J. V. KAULYNSKAS, ABROGRAFT.

APPLIGATION FILED DEO. 3, 1910.

Patented Feb.13,1912,

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J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS.

' ABROGRAFT. APPLICATION vFILED DBO. 3, 1.910.

Patented Feb.'13,1912.

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Jfmwma JOSEPH J. V. KAULYNSKAS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

AEROCRAFT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb.13,'1912.

Application flled December 3, 1910. Serial No. 595,766.

To all 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH J. V. KAU- LYNSKAS, a subject of the Czar of Russia, residing in Philadelphia; in the count-y of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Aerocraft, of which the-following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class or type 0f flying machine known as heavier-than-air machines, which when driven at considerable speed will be buoyed or sustained by pressure of the atmospheric air and has more particular relation to the apparatus shown and described in my application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 539,329.

This invention has for its principal object the providing of fore and aft rudders comprising spaced planes capable of universal movement, in order to meet the different conditions involved inf rising, descending or maintaining flight at a constant level.

A further object of the present invention is to provide fore and aft rudders comprising spaced planes, which may be simultaneously operated from the same steering wheel.

A further object of the present invention is to provide fore and aft rudder shafts the outer ends of which are equipped with rudders comprising spaced planes the inner corners of said planes being cut o at an angle in order to provide clearance for the rudders in shifting.

Other objects of the invent-ion relate to the providing of such other and further improvements and devices as are shown in the drawings and hereinafter referredv to.

The invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described and finally claimed.

The nature, characteristic features and scope of the invention will be more fully understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming part hereof and in which:

Figure 1, is a view in side elevation of apparatus equipped with rudders embodying the invent-ion and illustrating the same in position for iiight at a constant level, Fig. 2, is a top or plan view of Fig. 1, illustrating the rudders and their complemental steering mechanism, the remaining portions of Fig. 1, being omitted for the sake of 'clearness,Fig. 3, is a similar view illustrating the rudders in position both in full and dotted lines for steering the apparatus to the right and left, Fig. 4, is a view in side elevation of Fig. 3, illustrating in full and do-tted lines the rudders in position vfor causing the apparatus to descend or ascend, Fig. 5, is a top or plan view of one of the rudders, Fig. 6, is an end view thereof, Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view in front elevation of the ball and socket' joint forming the universal connection of the rudders, Fig. 8, is a view in section taken upon the line 8 8 of Fig. 7, Fig. 9, is a section on line 9 9 of Fig. 3,'

and Figs. 10, and 11, are respectively side and front elevational views of steering wheels for operating the rudders.

In the drawings, the framework 1, of the machine or apparatus may be of any desired material and constructed preferably of generally elongated rectangular configuration; laterally journaled with respect to the framework 1, and adjacent the top thereof are a series of shafts 2, driven in any desired manner as by gasolene motor 3, which may also operate the screw propeller 4. The ends of the shafts 2, project or extend outwardly from the frame 1, upon opposite sides thereof and each of said shaft ends is equipped with a pair of blades 5, curved slightly conveXo-concavo and adapted to fea-ther upon their up stroke and present their broad conveXo-concavo ysurfaces upon their down stroke. These blades form subject matter of my application for Letters -Patent aforesaid and consequently further description thereof will not be resorted to.

Surmounting the framework 1, are standards or uprights 6, arranged fore and aft of the apparatuasaid standards being designed to pivotally support main and auX- iliary planes adapted to be shifted at various angles necessary for properly conducting the flight of the apparatus. These planes are fully described in my application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 589,734, and do not form part of the present application. Arranged fore and aft of the framework 1, are rudders each comprising a pair of parallel horizontally arranged planes 7, and 8, spaced by rmeans of a pair of vertically ar- `rangedparallel planes 9, and 10. A rudder of this construction in cross-section is of I- shaped configuration, see Fig. 6. The inner corners of the planes 7. and S, are cut oif upon an angle as at 11, for a purpose to be .presently described. These rudders have 1 fixed relation with and are carried by the outer ends of rudder shafts 12, and 18, said shafts being of comparatively great length and the inner ends of which project well within the framework 1, of the apparatus, the fore and aft portions of the framework 1, are provided with parallel uprights 14, see Figs. 7, and 8, between which and supported thereby are the ball and socket conl nections 15, and 16, for the rudder shafts 12, and 18. As is clearly illustrated in Figs. 5, 7, and 8, the rudder shafts have fixed thereto circular members or balls 17. These balls 17, fit withintwo-part sockets comprising members 18, and 19, provided with flanges 20. The flanges 20, are bolted to the uprights 14, by means of bolts and nuts 22. In this connection it may be remarked that the members 18, in effect are angle irons having concave inner surfaces the concave surfaces serving to provide a bearing for the balls17, and the outer angular portion of the members 18, serving to form convenient portions to receive the uprights 14, it being understood that said uprights are arranged upon an angle see Fig. 8. As is clearly shown the members 18, and 19, do not entirly encircle the balls 17, but as shown in Fig. 5, have open tops and as shown in Figs. 7, and 8, have open ends. These opened portions readily permit the rudder shafts 12, to be moved either to the left or right or either upwardly or downwardly. A description will now be given of steering mechanism for operating the rudders. Referring now to Figs. 10, and 11, there is disclosed a steering boX 28, provided with a steering wheel 24, mounted upon a shaft equipped with a worm gear 25, which meshes with a gear 26, which in turn is constructed and designed for operating a miter gear 27, which serves to operate a sprocket wheel 28. The sprocket wheel 28, is designed to impart motion to a chain 29, an idler 80, being pres ent for keeping the chain 29, in operative position with respect to the sprocket wheel 28. The respective ends of the sprocket chain 29, connect with cables 81, and 82, which pass over suitable pulleys 88, and 46, the opposite ends of said cables connecting with suitable attachments 84, on the inner ends of the rudder shafts 12, and 18. As shown in Fig. 6, this attachment 84, comprises a ring-like device provided with radially extending projections 85, and 86. In this connection, it may be remarked that the projections 85, have attached thereto the cables 81, and 82. It will thus be understood that these cables 81, and 82, serve to operate the rudders from right to left. For operating the rudders upwardly and downwardly a second steering box 87, is provided, see Fig. 4. The steering box 87, is identical with the steering boX 28, and the sprocket chain. 291, thereof connects with cables 88,

and 89, which pass over pulleys 40, and 45 the cables 88, connecting with the upper projection 86, of the attachment 84, and the cables 89, connecting with the lower projection 86, thereof, see Fig. 6.

From the above description, it will be readily apparent that by operating either of the steering wheels, the rudders will be simultaneously operated to move either to the left or right or upwardly or downwardly according to the position to be desired by the operator in charge. By reference to Figs. 8, and 4, it will be noted that the fore and aft rudders are shifted simultaneously in the same direction from one steering box. In order that when thrown to this position said rudders may not interfere with the rotating blades 5, the rudder shafts 12, and 18, have/been made of great length. In this connection to further prevent the rudders from interfering with the rotating blades 5, when said rudders are shifted the inner corners of the same are cut away upon an angle as before described.

The purpose of providing both horizontal planes 7, and 8, and vertical planes 9, and 10, for the fore and aft rudders is so that the said rudders may be used for ascending, descending, and guiding from right to left the framework of the apparatus. Thus in ascending as shown by full lines and in descending as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 4, the vertical planes 9, and 10, cut the air and the horizontal planes 7 and 8, serve to buoy or sustain the framework, it being understood that in ascending or descending both rudders are simultaneously moved to project or extend upwardly or downwardly. Thus in ascending and considering the apparatus traveling in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 4, the forward rudder in the position shown by full lines serves to elevate the forward portion of the apparatus and the aft rudder in the position shown in full lines serves to cause the aft portion of the apparatus to be depressed. Referring now to Fig. 9, the framework 1, of the apparatus is provided adjacent its fore and aft portions with horizontally arranged cross rods 42, and vertically arranged rods 48. Slidably mounted upon the rods 42, and 48, are sleeves 44, equipped with the aforesaid pulleys 45, and 46. The cables 81, and 82, before described, for operating the rudders from right to left or vice versa, pass around the pulleys 46, and connect with the attachment 84, as described. The cables 88, and 89, used in shifting the rudders to ascend or descend pass around pulleys 45, and connect with the attachment 84, as hereinbefore set forth. rllhus in shifting the rudders to their various posit-ions the pulleys 45, and 46, may be shifted with respect to the frame work as a whole by virtue of the sliding connection just described.

What I claim is:

l. In apparatus of the class described the combination of a framework including its complemental propelling mechanism of fore and aft rudders provided with elongated rudder shafts, ball and socket connections for said shafts, ring-like attachments provided With radially arranged projections fixed to the inner ends of said shafts, pulleys having relatively liXed relation wit-h the framework, other pulleys relatively movable with respect to the framework, cables passing over said pulleys and connecting said projections and means connected wit-h said cables for operating said rudders.

2. In apparatus of the class described the combination of a framework including its complemental propelling mechanism of fore and aft rudders of Ishape cross-section provided with elongated rudder shafts, ball and socket connections for the rudder shafts, a pair of steering wheels, pulleys, some of which are relatively fixed wit-h respect to the framework and some of which are relatively movable with respect to the framework and cables operatively connecting said steering wheels and the inner ends of said shafts, said cables passing over said pulleys whereby by operating one wheel said rudders may be caused to be simultaneously shifted upwardly or downwardly and by operating the other of said wheels saidrudders may be caused to be simultaneously shifted outwardly.

3. A rudder construction for the aerocraft comprising a pair of horizontal planes having spaced vertical planes therebetween, a rudder shaft therefor having fixed thereto a spherical member, a two-part flanged socket for said spherical member, supports for said socket the flanged portions of said socket being bolted to said supports, a ringlike attachment provided with radially arranged projections liXed to the inner end of said rudder shaft and operating cables connected with said projections.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

JOSEPH J. V. KAULYNSKAS.

Witnesses:

JAMES STANISLAS BALCHAD, AGNES E. CASKEY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, ID. C. 

